Clinical trials using blood created from adult stem cells are set to begin within the next two or three years, raising the prospect it could soon become routinely used where real blood is unavailable.
Scientists are also developing alternative bloodlike substances which could be injected into the body as a "stopgap" until an actual blood transfusion could be performed.
About two and a half million units of blood are given to patients in Britain every year, costing about £130 each, and modern doctors have minimised the risk of patients receiving infections such as Hepatitis A and C during transmission.


